Vernonia amygdalina is a valuable medicinal plant that is widespread in west africa, it is known as bitter leaf due to its characteristic bitter taste and flavour, and can be used as an active anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial and antiparastic agent. Isolation and structure determination of a sesquiterpene. Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of cancerrelated deaths among women globally. Drug free plasma was also frozen at 20 c until assayed while protected from light. Sunday nweke of the department of pharmacognosy, university of benin, nigeria. It is widely used for food and medicinal purposes by local people. The herb known as bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina is a shrub or small tree that can reach 23 feet in height when fully grown. It is produced mainly from sorghum grain sorghum vulgare and the process of brewing involves malting, mashing, souring, fermentation and packaging locally brewed. The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract in. Gymnanthemum species, african bitterleaf gymnanthemum. The chcl 3 extract after silica gel column chromatography has led to the isolation of two compounds identified as tricosane 1 and vernolide 2, while the acetone extract furnished isorhamnetin 3 and luteolin 4.
The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia. However, in contrast to the meters described as the height of the tree by some authors 1416, the species found around the department of wildlife and fisheries, university of ibadan. The cooked leaves are a staple vegetable in soup and stews of various cultures throughout equatorial africa. Open access journal of pharmaceutical research issn. Despite early detection, conventional and chemotherapeutic methods of treatment, about. However, current research about the mechanisms of the anticancer potential of va.
Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina leaves showed that anthracene, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins and tannins were present 26. Adding bitter leaf to your healthy diet may reduce your risk of chronic diseases like breast cancer and type 2 diabetes, the university of texas reports. Effect of different processing methods on nutritional. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of vernonia amygdalina va leaf extracts as anticancer agent against human breast cancer in vitro using the mtt 34, 5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assays, respectively. Vernonia amygdalina del asteraceae is a small shrub with dark green leaves and rough barks growing predominantly in tropical africa but has been domesticated in many parts of west africa igile et al. Notably, medicinal plant extracts may be a potential source for treatments of breast cancer. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the nhexane. Bitter leaves wood ash can be used to treat and control seedborne fungi. The use of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina extract as a means of extending the shelflife of locally brewed sorghum beer. The leaf is bitter in nature and the bitterness turns sweet and soothing as the tea enters the throat. Congo, bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste. In both studies, animals were not allowed food till 4 h post dose. It grows in a range of ecological zones in africa and the arabian peninsula. Effect of aqueous extract of bitter leaf medwin publishers.
It appears to be the mostused plant in the genus vernonia. Asteraceae, better known by its former name vernonia amygdalina delile, is a small shrub used in folk medicine as an antipyretic, laxative, antimalarial and anthelmintic. Heavy metal content in bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina. Vernonia amygdalina asteraceae vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a small shrub that grows in the tropical africa with petiolate leaf of about 6 mm diameter and elliptic shape. African bitterleaf is as common in west african cuisine as is spinach or cabbage in western dishes. Vernonia amygdalina leaves is consumed fresh or dried after removal of bitter taste by the peoples of the southeastern nigeria, especially the igbos. Preclinical assessment of vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. Effect of extracts of vernonia amygdalina in helminthiasis a tropical neglected disease. Vernonia amygdalina is a widely grown shrub plant in africa consumed as vegetable and has high medicinal value. Antioxidative and chemopreventive properties of vernonia. Vernonia is a genus of about species of forbs and shrubs in the family asteraceae.
Effect of extracts of vernonia amygdalina in helminthiasis. Gymnanthemum species, african bitterleaf gymnanthemum amygdalinum. Afolayan department of botany, university of fort hare, alice, south africa abstract vernonia amygdalina del. Bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina and some of its extraction products. Vernonia amygdalina vernonia amygdalina are commonly called bitter leaf in english because of its bitter taste. Comparative chemical analyses of vernonia amygdalina and. Although this plant has been around for hundreds of years, only a few people know of its medicinal and healing properties. This prompted us to isolate bioactive compounds from the flowers of this plant. Bitter leaf plant with leafy green vegetable is also known as vernonia amygdalina. Onugbu igbo, efo ewuro yoruba, shakwa shuwaka hausa, etidot cross river state of nigeria botanical name.
The anticancer activities of vernonia amygdalina extract. Vernonia amygdalinaare green with a char acteristic odour and bitter taste. The water extracts of its leaves have been used as tonic drinks to prevent andor treat various illnesses farombi, 2003. Effect of coadministration of extracts of vernonia. Some physical properties of vernonia amygdalina and. It has gained wide application in the treatment and management of various diseases. Open access journal of pharmaceutical research ejiofor ii, et al. Blood samples were withdrawn and treated as in the first study. The pc3 cells were propagated in tissue culture plates containing rpmi1640 supplemented with 10% fbs and 1% penicillinstreptomycin at 37 oc in a 95% air5% co 2 humidified incubator. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and conspicuous redveining. Diabetes mellitus is a name given to a multiple of disorders with different etiologies, and characterised by derangements in carbohydrates, proteins and fats metabolism, caused by a complete or relative insufficiency in insulin secretion or action rodrigues et al. See status, confidence level, source for definitions. Proximate values of the fresh vegetables were generally higher than it processed counterparts.
Vernonia amygdalina leaves and seeds of garcinia kola were bought from a local market in benin city, edo state, nigeria and identified by mr. Effects of vernonia amygdalina aqueous leaf extract on the. The leaves exhibit a characteristic odor and bitter taste, explaining its common english. Free project materials download, free project topics, free project topics and materials pdf, free research projects, freeprojecttopics, futo project topics, hnd project topics, imsu project topics. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub reported to have not only diverse therapeutic effects but also anticancer properties. Effect of aqueous extract of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina against acetaminopheninduced liver damage in rats. Vernonia amygdalina is a valuable medicinal plant that is widespread in west africa, it is known as bitter leaf due to its characteristic bitter taste and flavour, and canbe used as an active anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial and antiparastic agent. The leaves are lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, usually about 4 times as long as wide, glabrous or with sparse hairs. Scientists reveal that bitter leaves extract helps to reduce the blood estrogen level in the body by suppressing the activities of aromatase. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women between 40 and 55 years of age and is the second overall cause of death among women. Benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina by ify published december 29, 2016 updated february 1, 2018.
Vernonia amygdalina, a member of the daisy family, is a small shrub that grows in tropical africa. Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub that grows throughout tropical africa and southeast asia 6. Vernonia amygdalina has also been fed to broilers, where it was able to replace 300 g kg1 of maizebased diet without affecting feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency teguia et al. It is a perennial plant with height between 1 m and 6 m nwosu et al. Pdf in vitro free radical scavenging activities of the. Some physical properties of vernonia amygdalina and garcinia. Vernonia amygdalina grows well for me in a container. The water extracts of its leaves have been used as tonic drinks to prevent andor treat. Jun 23, 2011 the chemopreventive properties of vernonia amygdalina and garcinia biflavonoids have been attributed to their abilities to scavenge free radicals, induce detoxification, inhibit stress response proteins and interfere with dna binding activities of some transcription factors. It also went further to extract the sample using three different solvents. Asteraceae is a plant widely used both for nutritional and medicinal purposes throughout the tropical africa.
Aug 14, 2015 health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina the leaves are widely used as a remedy for fever and are known as quinine substitute in nigeria. They are common in most west african and central african countries. Many studies have been conducted on the vernonia amygdalina and its health benefits. Studies have demonstrated that different vegetal extracts possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. It can also act as a repellant against certain bugs, nematodes, aphids and insects. Vernonia amygdalina mansfeld world database of agricultural and horticultural crops. It is a very popular plant loved by the people from the eastern and western parts of africa. It is mostly used in the preparation of onugbu and egusi soup by. Ikenna kingsley uchendu, division of clinical chemistry. Effect of aqueous extract of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina against acetaminopheninduced liver damage in rats uchendu ik department of medical laboratory science, university of nigeria, nigeria corresponding author.
Bitter leaf just like the name implies is a vegetable well known for its bitter taste. It was reported that it had several qualities, including anticancer activity. The amazing health benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina. Bitter leaf has a grey or brown coloured bark, which has a rough texture and is flaked. Bitter leaf technically known as vernonia amygdalina is a traditional ingredient in african cuisine. Vernonia amygdalina va is a woody shrub that can grow up to 5 m tall, belonging to the family of asteraceae. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and. Asteraceae or compositae is a small tree growing throughout tropical africa. Vernonia amygdalina, prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, haematology introduction vernonia amygdalina, a member of the asteraceae family, is a widely used local vegetable in nigeria, uganda and other african countries. This post contains the powerful health benefits of bitter leaf juice vernonia amygdalina and how to extract the bitter leaf juice. Benefits of bitter leaf vernonia amygdalina nutrifactsblog. The leaves are consumed either as a vegetable or as aqueous extracts used as tonics for the treatment of various illnesses 9.
Vernonia amygdalina and its saponins have been reported to elicit antitumoral activities in leukemia cells 25. Antioxidant constituents in vernonia amygdalina leaves p. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form. Phytochemical analysis of vernonia amygdalina and ocimum. Vernonia definition of vernonia by the free dictionary. Native to nigeria west africa and widely grown in africa, va is also found in asia, and is especially common in singapore and malaysia. Bitter leaf greens are used in the form of vegetable eaten to promote and enhance the digestive tract to do its job. Vernonia amygdalina phytochemicals and medicinal plants. Preclinical assessment of vernonia amygdalina leaf. Health benefits of bitter leaf juice vernonia amygdalina. It is also widely used in cooking and serves as a vegetable and ethnomedicinal herb against many. But if i may ask, do you know the reasons why adding bitter leaves vernonia amygdalina to your diet is so important. Vernonia amygdalina synonyms, vernonia amygdalina pronunciation, vernonia amygdalina translation, english dictionary definition of vernonia amygdalina.
Vernonia amygdalina is traditionally used in ethiopia to treat various diseases. At 6065 % confluence, the cells were treated with increasing. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding. Common names for these species include bitterleaf, onugbu in the igbo language, ewuro and ndole. Anatomical characters of the medicinal leaf and stem of. Effect of extracts of vernonia amygdalina in helminthiasis a. The use of bitterleaf vernonia amygdalina extract as a. Antioxidant constituents in vernonia amygdalina leaves. The local tribe has been using this plant to maintain good health. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Va, a member of the asteraceae or compositae family, commonly called bitter leaf, is a small tree that grows up to 5 m in height.
Drugfree plasma was also frozen at 20 c until assayed while protected from light. The vernonia amygdalina is grown in borneo rainforest. It could be that you have used it at some point in your life either for preparing soups, dishes or for medicinal purposes. They are one of the most widely consumed leaf vegetables of nigeria, where the onugbu soup is a local delicacy of the. Antibacterial and antioxidant compounds from the flower. The young leaves are used as an antihelmintic, antimalarial, laxativepurgative, enema, worm expeller and fertility inducer in subfertile women. Chemical composition of vernonia amygdalina collected form different reference. Fortunately, the mortality rate from breast cancer has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments. The plant is generally known as bitter leaf due to the bitterness of its leaves. The leaf is bitter in nature and the bitterness turns sweet and. Locally brewed beer sorghum beer is an indigenous alcohol average. Leaf, medium to dark green, with or without sparse hairs above, with fine, soft, pale hairs below and. Although it may have a bitter title, its flavor is quite mild.
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